Analysis Of The Four Corners Of China's Small And Micro Shoe Enterprises

On March 21st, thirty years ago, over eight people employed more than eight people were named as capitalists to the Anhui provincial government. Countless shopkeepers quietly turned off their shops, and the caps of the capitalists could not afford to hurt them.

It was also thirty years ago that a police whistle rounded through the night sky made the brilliant Wenzhou "eight kings" run, shut off and once was extremely active in Wenzhou.

Thirty years ago, China's private sector

Small and micro enterprises are collectively referred to as small businesses, micro enterprises, family workshop enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households.

In the past, few people seemed to mention the concept of small and micro enterprises, whether in government policy or academic research, mostly using small and medium-sized enterprises.

Why do we list the concept of small and micro enterprises? What are the underlying reasons behind this? If you look at the definition of small and micro enterprises carefully, it is easy to find that the essence of small and micro enterprises is private enterprises, and are young private enterprises.

Next, a new question arises: why does the country not mention vigorously developing private enterprises and emphasize the development of small and micro enterprises? This is related to China's long-term implementation of the planned economic system and the current social background.

Over a long period of time, the community has been arguing about the "retreat from the country" and "the advance of the country and the people." efficiency and equity have become the driving force behind it.

Especially in the background of the widening gap between the rich and the poor in China, it is difficult for the private sector to directly identify the development of private enterprises.

As large and medium-sized private enterprises already have some early accumulation, in the face of domestic and international economic cold shocks, with their own strength, barely able to tide over the difficulties.

However, in the initial stage of development of private enterprises, that is, small and micro enterprises, there is no such strong economic strength.

Without the government's policy support, the vast majority of small and micro enterprises will disappear in the cold winter of the market economy.

The importance of small and micro shoe enterprises

Some people may wonder: are small and micro enterprises so important to China's economic development? Do they need to formulate special policies to support them? The answer is yes.

According to the national statistics, the number of small and micro enterprises registered in the industrial and commercial sector is 10 million 230 thousand, accounting for nearly 99% of the total number of enterprises in the country, providing about 85% of urban and rural employment. The final products and services account for 60% of the gross domestic product, and the tax paid is 54.3% of the total number of enterprises in the whole country.

In Zhejiang Province, where the private economy has a relatively high level of development, in 2010, more than 30 thousand enterprises in the province had more than 20 million yuan in sales revenue, and more than 60 thousand had sales revenue of over 5 million yuan, while 15 sales and more than 60 000 individual businesses were below 5 million of sales.

Overall, small and micro enterprises account for 99.6% of the total number of enterprises in Zhejiang Province, promoting the sustainable development of Zhejiang's economy and providing many jobs for Zhejiang.

At least 62 thousand small and micro enterprises in the more than 30 thousand stalls of Yiwu's small commodity wholesale market have an irreplaceable strategic significance for safeguarding and improving people's livelihood.

For a country, there is no doubt that enterprises are the most important drivers of economic development.

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In China, enterprises are divided into state-owned enterprises and private enterprises.

During the planned economy period, state owned enterprises bear the important task of national economic development, and are the main force to safeguard the national economy and the people's livelihood.

With the reform of the market economy, only a large number of state-owned enterprises such as monopolies and resources have survived, and there is no reserve force to supplement them. Although some state-owned enterprises are developing well, it is certain that the number of state-owned enterprises will be less and less.

On the contrary, with the continuous development of private enterprises, the private enterprises represented by HUAWEI not only have a reputation in China, but also rush into the top 500 in the world.

If the reform of market economy can be carried out smoothly, the prosperity of private enterprises will be an inevitable trend.

However, the current market economy reform has entered the deep water area. Under the background of the global financial crisis and China's control of inflation, the international trade of small and micro enterprises.

No matter how China's reform path extends, the new strength of state-owned enterprises has been missing.

Just imagine, if the new forces of private enterprises are also dying out, who will maintain the sustainable development of China's economy? Who will provide more jobs for the Chinese people? Without development, there will be no money, and how to expand domestic demand.

The legitimacy and rationality of the survival of small and micro enterprises have been solved.

But the problem of financing has not been well solved.

Not only China, but also the rest of the world.

Small and micro enterprises do not have enough fixed assets, they will not be able to provide reliable collateral to obtain loans from banks.

At the same time, most of the small and micro enterprises have no government background, so they can not get the government's guarantee.

Although financing is difficult, if there are no other special circumstances, most of the small and micro enterprises will survive, and a small part will continue to grow and expand.

However, under the current economic environment, small and micro enterprises have met with difficulties.

Since the first quarter of 2011, the price of power and fuel such as coal and oil has increased by 10% compared with the first quarter of this year, especially the price of refined oil increased by 20% over the same period last year.

While the price of coal and oil has risen sharply, the electricity supply is short and the average electricity consumption gap is about 30%.

Affected by rising prices of raw materials, the purchase price of raw materials for small and micro enterprises increased by 10.2% compared to the same period last year, but the ex factory prices rose by only 7.1%.

Some business owners pointed out that the price of cotton yarn was 20 thousand yuan per ton in 2010, and it has risen to 30 thousand yuan. The profit of making garments is still not up to the profit of buying and selling raw materials.

In recent years, the wages of migrant workers in China have increased considerably, making the cost of coastal labor-intensive enterprises increasing significantly.

The reason is that, on the one hand, under the influence of domestic inflation and wage rise of civil servants, the cost of living of the whole nation has increased, and the wages of migrant workers have risen.

On the other hand, with the great progress of rural reform and the increase of the amount of subsidies for agricultural production, many migrant workers choose to farm at home again.

According to Zhejiang Province, the employment gap of local small and micro enterprises is generally over 20%.

Small and micro enterprises encountered third crest is sustained appreciation of the renminbi.

Since the reform of the RMB exchange rate system in July 2005, the RMB has continued to appreciate by nearly 30%.

This is a fatal blow to the export-oriented small and micro enterprises without pricing power.

The appreciation of the renminbi means that China's exports to foreign countries either increase prices or lower their profit margins, and most small and micro enterprises choose the latter.

According to the survey, the profit of the export oriented small and micro enterprises has shrunk by about 2%.

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For a profitable industry, this may not be serious, but the gross profit margin of most small and micro enterprises is already very low.

In Wenzhou, the gross profit margin of most small and micro enterprises is only 3%-5%, the highest will not exceed 10%, and net profit will be lower.

At present, Wenzhou shoe enterprises have been afraid to take export orders for more than three months, and do not dare to produce with orders.

Small and micro enterprises are faced with fourth strong competition of state-owned enterprises.

With the continuous integration and reform of state owned assets supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC), the introduction of advanced management mode and the introduction of excellent managerial and technological talents, the state-owned enterprises almost bankrupt that year are now full of vigor and vitality.

State owned enterprises are like the two generation of officials. Small and micro enterprises are like the poor two generation. With the strength of state-owned enterprises, a large number of small and micro enterprises can only eat smaller cakes.

In the face of the same economic impact, large enterprises can survive, while small and micro enterprises can only wait for the death sentence.

It's like an adult and a child having influenza virus at the same time. Without drug treatment, adults will bite their teeth and carry them away, and children may be at risk.

There is a law of survival of the fittest in the market economy. The reason why the country strongly supports small and micro enterprises at this time is that it is not a small number of small and micro enterprises, but most small and micro enterprises are facing the risk of bankruptcy.

It can be said that the policy of supporting small and micro enterprises is indeed timely.

Without them, these small and micro businesses may not survive the cold winter.

The small and micro enterprises suffering from cold wind and snowstorm finally saw the dawn of spring.

Under the leadership of the State Council, the Ministry of Finance and the people's Bank of China have formulated numerous measures to support the development of small and micro enterprises from two aspects, namely, finance and finance.

In November 2011, the Ministry of Finance issued a notice in conjunction with the national development and Reform Commission, and decided to exempt small and micro enterprises from administrative, business, and licensing fees from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014, including 22 registration fees, tax invoices, customs supervision fees, certificate of origin, and agricultural machinery supervision fees.

The people's Bank of China has put forward specific requirements for major commercial banks in lending support to small businesses, and has asked some banks to list loans from small and micro enterprises in order to increase support.

Under the guidance of the people's Bank of China, some banks are also actively responding.

GF bank president said that in 2012 the new SME loans will not be less than 30 billion yuan.

At the same time, Guangdong Development Bank also plans to apply for the issuance of about 30 billion yuan small and micro enterprises financial bonds this year. The funds raised by issuing financial bonds are all used to issue loans for small and micro enterprises.

Minsheng Bank, Xingye Bank, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank and China Merchants Bank have also applied for the issuance plan, with a total scale of 130 billion yuan.

If this part of the fund can flow into the production and operation activities of small and micro enterprises, it will have amplification effect and drive the whole national economy to become active.

In addition, the financing channels for small and micro enterprises are being actively dredged.

Of course, these policies are more comprehensive and supportive, but the key question is whether these policies can be effectively implemented and implemented.

This is not only the issue of interest distribution, but also the future of the whole national economy.